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mfs without swap device
- To: OpenBSD Tech <tech@openbsd.org>
- Subject: mfs without swap device
- From: Rafael Coninck Teigao <rafael@SafeCore.NET>
- Date: Thu, 10 Jan 2002 17:32:16 -0200
- Organization: SafeCore Network Solutions
Hi pp.
I'm trying go put in place a system that boots from a CD and is
diskless, following http://www.daemonnews.org/200106/bootable_CD.html
but when it's booting and tries to mount the MFS partitions, it
says:
Operation not permitted.
I must say that since I'm running diskless, I don't have any swap
device.
My fstab looks like:
/dev/cd0c / cd9660 ro,noatime 0 0
swap /dev mfs rw,noatime,union,-s=12000 0 0
swap /tmp mfs rw,nodev,noexec,nosuid,noatime,-s=262144 0 0
swap /var mfs rw,-s=262144,noatime 0 0
swap /etc mfs rw,noatime,-s=131072 0 0
swap /home mfs rw,noatime,-s=262144 0 0
And my rc file:
# $OpenBSD: rc,v 1.185 2001/10/09 18:44:17 angelos Exp $
# System startup script run by init on autoboot
# or after single-user.
# Output and error are redirected to console by init,
# and the console is the controlling terminal.
# Subroutines (have to come first).
# Strip comments (and leading/trailing whitespace if IFS is set)
# from a file and spew to stdout
stripcom() {
local _file="$1"
local _line
{
while read _line ; do
_line=${_line%%#*} # strip comments
test -z "$_line" && continue
echo $_line
done
} < $_file
}
cutword () {
# read lines on stdin, return Nth element of each line, like cut(1)
local _a _oifs="$IFS"
IFS=":"
while read _a; do
set -- $_a
test "$1" = "" && break
echo $1
done
IFS="$_oifs"
}
get_intfs () {
# read lines on stdin, return ifconfig -a lines that are interfaces.
local _a
while read _a; do
set -- $_a
test "$1" = "" && break
case $1 in
lo*:) ;;
enc**:) ;;
gre**:) ;;
ppp**:) ;;
sl**:) ;;
tun**:) ;;
bridge**:) ;;
gif*:) ;;
vlan*:) ;;
media**:) ;;
status**:) ;;
*:) echo $1
;;
esac
done
}
get_ifdevs() {
# return available network devices
/sbin/ifconfig -a | get_intfs
}
# End subroutines
stty status '^T'
# Set shell to ignore SIGINT (2), but not children;
# shell catches SIGQUIT (3) and returns to single user after fsck.
trap : 2
trap : 3 # shouldn't be needed
HOME=/; export HOME
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
export PATH
if [ $1x = shutdownx ]; then
dd if=/dev/urandom of=/var/db/host.random bs=1024 count=64
>/dev/null 2>
&1
chmod 600 /var/db/host.random >/dev/null 2>&1
if [ $? -eq 0 -a -f /etc/rc.shutdown ]; then
echo /etc/rc.shutdown in progress...
. /etc/rc.shutdown
echo /etc/rc.shutdown complete.
if [ "X${powerdown}" = X"YES" ]; then
exit 2
fi
else echo single user: not running
/etc/rc.shutdown
fi
exit 0
fi
# Configure ccd devices.
if [ -f /etc/ccd.conf ]; then
ccdconfig -C
fi
# Configure raid devices.
for dev in 0 1 2 3; do
if [ -f /etc/raid$dev.conf ]; then
raidctl -c /etc/raid$dev.conf raid$dev
raidctl -v -P raid$dev
fi
done
swapctl -A -t blk
if [ -e /fastboot ]; then
echo "Fast boot: skipping disk checks."
elif [ $1x = autobootx ]; then
echo "Automatic boot in progress: starting file system checks."
fsck -p
case $? in
0)
;;
2)
exit 1
;;
4)
echo "Rebooting..."
reboot
echo "Reboot failed; help!"
exit 1
;;
8)
echo "Automatic file system check failed; help!"
exit 1
;;
12)
echo "Boot interrupted."
exit 1
;;
130)
# interrupt before catcher installed
exit 1
;;
*)
echo "Unknown error; help!"
exit 1
;;
esac
fi
trap "echo 'Boot interrupted.'; exit 1" 3
umount -a >/dev/null 2>&1
mount -a -t nonfs
# if memory file systems mounted, fix them.
if [ -f /cdboot/mfs.tgz ]; then
tar zxpf /cdboot/mfs.tgz -C /
echo 'Fixed up mfs from /cdboot/mfs.tgz'
fi
chmod 755 /dev /etc /var
chmod a+rwx,a+t /tmp
echo ''
echo "Check date"
date
echo 'Set date via following format'
date '+ %Y%m%d%H%M (yyyymmddhhmm) [if ok, press return with no
date]'
echo -n '> '
read date
if [ "$date" != "" ]; then
date -n $date
fi
if [ ! -d /cdboot ]; then
mount -uw / # root on nfs requires this, others aren't hurt
rm -f /fastboot # XXX (root now writeable)
fi
# pick up option configuration
. /etc/rc.conf
# set flags on ttys. (do early, in case they use tty for SLIP in
netstart)
echo 'setting tty flags'
ttyflags -a
if [ "X$pf" != X"NO" ]; then
RULES="block in all\nblock out all"
case `sysctl vfs.mounts.nfs` in
*[1-9]*)
# don't kill NFS
RULES="$RULES\npass in proto udp from any port { 111,
2049 } to
any"
RULES="$RULES\npass out proto udp from any to any port {
111, 20
49 }"
;;
esac
echo $RULES | pfctl -R - -e
fi
if [ -f /etc/sysctl.conf ]; then
(
# delete comments and blank lines
set -- `stripcom /etc/sysctl.conf`
while [ $# -ge 1 ] ; do
sysctl -w $1
shift
done
)
fi
if [ -f /etc/hostname.dhcp ]; then
_IFS=`get_ifdevs`
_IFS=`echo "$_IFS" | cutword`
# only do the first interface (dhclient doesn't work for more than one).
set -- $_IFS
rm -f /etc/hostname.$1
echo "ln -s /etc/hostname.dhcp /etc/hostname.$1"
ln -s /etc/hostname.dhcp /etc/hostname.$1
fi
# set hostname, turn on network
echo 'starting network'
. /etc/netstart
if [ ! -d /cdboot ]; then
mount /usr >/dev/null 2>&1
mount /var >/dev/null 2>&1
fi
if [ "X$pf" != X"NO" ]; then
if [ -f ${nat_rules} ]; then
pfctl -N ${nat_rules}
fi
if [ -f ${pf_rules} ]; then
pfctl -R ${pf_rules}
fi
fi
# if there's no /var/db/host.random, make one through /dev/urandom
if [ ! -f /var/db/host.random ]; then
dd if=/dev/urandom of=/var/db/host.random bs=1024 count=64 \
>/dev/null 2>&1
chmod 600 /var/db/host.random >/dev/null 2>&1
else
dd if=/var/db/host.random of=/dev/urandom bs=1024 count=64 \
> /dev/null 2>&1
dd if=/var/db/host.random of=/dev/arandom bs=1024 count=64 \
> /dev/null 2>&1
fi
# reset seed file, so that if a shutdown-less reboot occurs,
# the next seed is not a repeat
dd if=/dev/urandom of=/var/db/host.random bs=1024 count=64 \
> /dev/null 2>&1
# clean up left-over files
rm -f /etc/nologin
rm -f /var/spool/lock/LCK.*
rm -f /var/spool/uucp/STST/*
(cd /var/run && { rm -rf -- *; install -c -m 664 -g utmp /dev/null utmp;
})
# save a copy of the boot messages
dmesg >/var/run/dmesg.boot
echo 'starting system logger'
rm -f /dev/log
if [ "X${named_flags}" != X"NO" -a "X${named_chroot}" != "X" ]; then
rm -f ${named_chroot}/dev/log
syslogd_flags="${syslogd_flags} -a ${named_chroot}/dev/log"
fi
syslogd ${syslogd_flags}
if [ "X$pf" != X"NO" ]; then
ifconfig pflog0 up
pflogd ${pflogd_flags}
fi
# $named_flags, $named_user, and $named_chroot are imported from
/etc/rc.conf;
# if $named_flags != NO, named is run.
if [ "X${named_flags}" != X"NO" ]; then
if [ "X${named_user}" != "X" -a "X${named_user}" != X"root" ];
then
named_flags="-u ${named_user} ${named_flags}"
fi
if [ "X${named_chroot}" != "X" ]; then
if [ ! -c "${named_chroot}/dev/null" ]; then
( cd /dev ; pax -rw -pe null ${named_chroot}/dev
)
fi
if [ -f /etc/localtime -a -d "${named_chroot}/etc" ];
then
cmp -s /etc/localtime
"${named_chroot}/etc/localtime" \
|| cp -p /etc/localtime
"${named_chroot}/etc/localtime"
fi
named_flags="-t ${named_chroot} ${named_flags}"
fi
echo 'starting named'; named $named_flags
fi
# $photurisd_flags is imported from /etc/rc.conf;
# If $photurisd_flags == NO or /etc/photuris/photuris.conf doesn't
exist, then
# photurisd isn't run.
if [ "X${photurisd_flags}" != X"NO" -a -e /etc/photuris/photuris.conf ];
then
echo 'starting photurisd'; photurisd ${photurisd_flags}
fi
# $isakmpd_flags is imported from /etc/rc.conf;
# If $isakmpd_flags == NO or /etc/isakmpd/isakmpd.policy doesn't exist,
then
# isakmpd isn't run.
if [ "X${isakmpd_flags}" != X"NO" -a -e /etc/isakmpd/isakmpd.policy ];
then
echo 'starting isakmpd'; isakmpd ${isakmpd_flags}
fi
echo -n 'starting rpc daemons:'
# $portmap is imported from /etc/rc.conf;
# if $portmap == YES, the portmapper is started.
if [ X"${portmap}" = X"YES" ]; then
echo -n ' portmap'; portmap
fi
if [ -d /var/yp/binding -a X`domainname` != X ]; then
if [ -d /var/yp/`domainname` ]; then
# yp server capabilities needed...
echo -n ' ypserv'; ypserv ${ypserv_flags}
#echo -n ' ypxfrd'; ypxfrd
fi
echo -n ' ypbind'; ypbind
if [ -d /var/yp/`domainname` ]; then
# if we are the master server, run rpc.yppasswdd
_host1=`ypwhich -m passwd 2> /dev/null`
_host2=`hostname`
if [ `grep '^lookup' /etc/resolv.conf | grep yp | wc -c`
-ne 0 ]
; then
_host1=`ypmatch $_host1 hosts | cut -d' ' -f2`
_host2=`ypmatch $_host2 hosts | cut -d' ' -f2 |
head -1`
else
_host1=`nslookup $_host1 | grep '^Name: ' | \
sed -e 's/^Name: //'`
_host2=`nslookup $_host2 | grep '^Name: ' | \
sed -e 's/^Name: //'`
fi
if [ "$_host2" = "$_host1" ]; then
echo -n ' rpc.yppasswdd'
rpc.yppasswdd ${yppasswdd_flags}
fi
fi
fi
# $nfs_server is imported from /etc/rc.conf;
# if $nfs_server == YES, the machine is setup for being an nfs server
if [ X${nfs_server} = X"YES" -a -s /etc/exports -a \
`sed -e '/^#/d' < /etc/exports | wc -l` -ne 0 ]; then
rm -f /var/db/mountdtab
echo -n > /var/db/mountdtab
echo -n ' mountd'; mountd
echo -n ' nfsd'; nfsd ${nfsd_flags}
if [ X${lockd} = X"YES" ]; then
echo -n ' rpc.lockd'; rpc.lockd
fi
fi
if [ X${amd} = X"YES" -a -e ${amd_master} ]; then
echo -n ' amd'
(cd /etc/amd; amd -l syslog -x error,noinfo,nostats -p \
-a ${amd_dir} `cat ${amd_master}` > /var/run/amd.pid )
fi
# run rdate before timed
if [ X"${rdate_flags}" != X"NO" ]; then
echo -n ' rdate'; rdate -s ${rdate_flags}
fi
# $timed_flags is imported from /etc/rc.conf;
# if $timed_flags == NO, timed isn't run.
if [ "X${timed_flags}" != X"NO" ]; then
echo -n ' timed'; timed $timed_flags
fi
echo '.'
mount -a -t nfs
swapctl -A -t noblk
# /var/crash should be a directory or a symbolic link
# to the crash directory if core dumps are to be saved.
if [ -d /var/crash ]; then
savecore /var/crash
fi
if [ "X${afs}" = X"YES" -a -c ${afs_device} -a -d ${afs_mount_point} ];
then
echo -n 'mounting afs:'
mount -t xfs ${afs_device} ${afs_mount_point}
/usr/libexec/afsd ${afsd_flags} -d ${afs_device}
echo ' done.'
fi
if [ "X${check_quotas}" = X"YES" ]; then
echo -n 'checking quotas:'
quotacheck -a
echo ' done.'
quotaon -a
fi
# build ps databases
echo -n 'building ps databases:'
echo -n " kvm"
kvm_mkdb
echo -n " dev"
dev_mkdb
echo "."
chmod 666 /dev/tty[pqrstuvwxyzPQRST]*
chown root.wheel /dev/tty[pqrstuvwxyzPQRST]*
# check the password temp/lock file
if [ -f /etc/ptmp ]; then
logger -s -p auth.err \
'password file may be incorrect -- /etc/ptmp exists'
fi
echo clearing /tmp
# prune quickly with one rm, then use find to clean up /tmp/[lq]*
# (not needed with mfs /tmp, but doesn't hurt there...)
(cd /tmp && rm -rf [a-km-pr-zA-Z]* &&
find . ! -name . ! -name lost+found ! -name quota.user \
! -name quota.group -execdir rm -rf -- {} \; -type d -prune)
[ -f /etc/rc.securelevel ] && . /etc/rc.securelevel
if [ X${securelevel} != X"" ]; then
echo -n 'setting kernel security level: '
sysctl -w kern.securelevel=${securelevel}
fi
# patch /etc/motd
if [ ! -f /etc/motd ]; then
install -c -o root -g wheel -m 664 /dev/null /etc/motd
fi
T=`mktemp /tmp/_motd.XXXXXXXXXX`
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
sysctl -n kern.version | sed 1q > $T
echo "" >> $T
sed '1,/^$/d' < /etc/motd >> $T
cmp -s $T /etc/motd || cp $T /etc/motd
rm -f $T
fi
if [ -x /usr/libexec/vi.recover ]; then
echo 'preserving editor files'; /usr/libexec/vi.recover
fi
if [ -f /var/account/acct ]; then
echo 'turning on accounting'; accton /var/account/acct
fi
if [ -f /sbin/ldconfig ]; then
echo 'creating runtime link editor directory cache.'
if [ -d /usr/local/lib ]; then
shlib_dirs="/usr/local/lib $shlib_dirs"
fi
if [ -d /usr/X11R6/lib ]; then
shlib_dirs="/usr/X11R6/lib $shlib_dirs"
fi
ldconfig $shlib_dirs
fi
if [ ! -f /etc/ssh_host_dsa_key ]; then
echo -n "ssh-keygen: generating new DSA host key... "
if /usr/bin/ssh-keygen -q -t dsa -f /etc/ssh_host_dsa_key -N '';
then
echo done.
else
echo failed.
fi
fi
if [ ! -f /etc/ssh_host_rsa_key ]; then
echo -n "ssh-keygen: generating new RSA host key... "
if /usr/bin/ssh-keygen -q -t rsa -f /etc/ssh_host_rsa_key -N '';
then
echo done.
else
echo failed.
fi
fi
if [ ! -f /etc/ssh_host_key ]; then
echo -n "ssh-keygen: generating new RSA host key... "
if /usr/bin/ssh-keygen -q -t rsa1 -f /etc/ssh_host_key -N '';
then
echo done.
else
echo failed.
fi
fi
echo -n starting network daemons:
# $gated and $routed_flags are imported from /etc/rc.conf.
# If $gated == YES, gated is used; otherwise routed.
# If $routed_flags == NO, routed isn't run.
if [ X${gated} = X"YES" -a -e /etc/gated.conf ]; then
echo -n ' gated'; /usr/local/sbin/gated
$gated_flags
elif [ "X${routed_flags}" != X"NO" ]; then
echo -n ' routed'; routed $routed_flags
fi
# $mrouted_flags is imported from /etc/rc.conf;
# If $mrouted_flags == NO, then mrouted isn't run.
if [ "X${mrouted_flags}" != X"NO" ]; then
echo -n ' mrouted'; mrouted $mrouted_flags
fi
# $altqd_flags is imported from /etc/rc.conf;
# If $altqd_flags == NO, then altqd isn't run.
if [ "X${altqd_flags}" != X"NO" ]; then
echo -n ' altqd'; altqd $altqd_flags
fi
# $dhcpd_flags is imported from /etc/rc.conf
# If $dhcpd_flags == NO or /etc/dhcpd.conf doesn't exist, then dhcpd
isn't run.
if [ "X${dhcpd_flags}" != X"NO" -a -f /etc/dhcpd.conf ]; then
touch /var/db/dhcpd.leases
if [ -f /etc/dhcpd.interfaces ]; then
dhcpd_ifs=`awk -F\# '{ print $1; }' <
/etc/dhcpd.interfaces`
fi
echo -n ' dhcpd'; /usr/sbin/dhcpd ${dhcpd_flags}
${dhcpd_ifs}
fi
if ifconfig lo0 inet6 >/dev/null 2>&1; then
fw=`sysctl -n net.inet6.ip6.forwarding`
if [ "X${fw}" == X"0" ]; then
# $rtsold_flags is imported from /etc/rc.conf;
# If $rtsold_flags == NO, then rtsold isn't run.
if [ "X${rtsold_flags}" != X"NO" ]; then
echo -n ' rtsold'
/usr/sbin/rtsold ${rtsold_flags}
fi
else
# $route6d_flags is imported from /etc/rc.conf;
# If $route6d_flags == NO, then route6d isn't run.
if [ "X${route6d_flags}" != X"NO" ]; then
echo -n ' route6d'
/usr/sbin/route6d ${route6d_flags}
fi
# $rtadvd_flags is imported from /etc/rc.conf;
# If $rtadvd_flags == NO, then rtadvd isn't run.
if [ "X${rtadvd_flags}" != X"NO" ]; then
echo -n ' rtadvd'
/usr/sbin/rtadvd ${rtadvd_flags}
fi
fi
fi
# $rwhod is imported from /etc/rc.conf;
# if $rwhod == YES, rwhod is run.
if [ X${rwhod} = X"YES" ]; then
echo -n ' rwhod'; rwhod
fi
if [ X${lpd_flags} != X"NO" ]; then
echo -n ' printer'; lpd ${lpd_flags}
fi
# $sendmail_flags is imported from /etc/rc.conf;
# If $sendmail_flags == NO or /etc/mailer.conf doesn't exist, then
# sendmail isn't run. We call sendmail with a full path so that
# SIGHUP works. Note that /usr/sbin/sendmail may actually call a
# mailer other than sendmail, depending on /etc/mailer.conf.
if [ "X${sendmail_flags}" != X"NO" -a -s /etc/mailer.conf ]; then
echo -n ' sendmail'; ( /usr/sbin/sendmail
${sendmail_flags} >
/dev/null 2>&1 & )
fi
if [ "X${httpd_flags}" != X"NO" ]; then
# Clean up left-over httpd locks
rm -f /var/www/logs/{ssl_mutex,httpd.lock,accept.lock}.*
echo -n ' httpd'; /usr/sbin/httpd ${httpd_flags}
fi
if [ "X${ftpd_flags}" != X"NO" ]; then
echo -n ' ftpd'; /usr/libexec/ftpd ${ftpd_flags}
fi
if [ "X${identd_flags}" != X"NO" ]; then
echo -n ' identd'; /usr/libexec/identd
${identd_flags}
fi
# $smtpfwdd_flags is imported from /etc/rc.conf;
# If $smtpfwdd_flags == NO, smtpfwdd isn't run.
if [ "X${smtpfwdd_flags}" != X"NO" ]; then
echo -n ' smtpfwdd'; /usr/libexec/smtpfwdd ${smtpfwdd_flags}
fi
if [ X${inetd} = X"YES" -a -e /etc/inetd.conf ]; then
echo -n ' inetd'; inetd
fi
# $rarpd_flags is imported from /etc/rc.conf;
# If $rarpd_flags == NO or /etc/ethers doesn't exist, then
# rarpd isn't run.
if [ "X${rarpd_flags}" != X"NO" -a -s /etc/ethers ]; then
echo -n ' rarpd'; rarpd ${rarpd_flags}
fi
# $bootparamd_flags is imported from /etc/rc.conf;
# If $bootparamd_flags == NO or /etc/bootparams doesn't exist, then
# bootparamd isn't run.
if [ "X${bootparamd_flags}" != X"NO" -a -s /etc/bootparams ]; then
echo -n ' rpc.bootparamd'; rpc.bootparamd
${bootparamd_flags}
fi
# $rbootd_flags is imported from /etc/rc.conf;
# If $rbootd_flags == NO or /etc/rbootd.conf doesn't exist, then
# rbootd isn't run.
if [ "X${rbootd_flags}" != X"NO" -a -s /etc/rbootd.conf ]; then
echo -n ' rbootd'; rbootd ${rbootd_flags}
fi
# $mopd_flags is imported from /etc/rc.conf;
# If $mopd_flags == NO or /tftpboot/mop doesn't exist, then
# mopd isn't run.
if [ "X${mopd_flags}" != X"NO" -a -d /tftpboot/mop ]; then
echo -n ' mopd'; mopd ${mopd_flags}
fi
if [ X"${sshd_flags}" != X"NO" ]; then
/usr/sbin/sshd ${sshd_flags}; echo -n ' sshd'
fi
echo '.'
if [ -f /etc/wsconsctl.conf ]; then
(
# delete comments and blank lines
set -- `stripcom /etc/wsconsctl.conf`
while [ $# -ge 1 ] ; do
wsconsctl -w $1
shift
done
)
fi
if [ -f /sbin/kbd -a -f /etc/kbdtype ]; then
kbd `cat /etc/kbdtype`
fi
# KerberosIV runs ONLY on the KDC servers
# Kadmin runs only on the master server
if [ X${krb4_master_kdc} = X"YES" ]; then
echo 'KerberosIV KDC'
/usr/libexec/kerberos >> /var/log/kerberos.log &
/usr/libexec/kadmind -n >> /var/log/kadmind.log &
fi
# Kpropd runs only on Kerberos slave servers
if [ X${krb4_slave_kdc} = X"YES" ]; then
echo 'kerberos slave server'
/usr/libexec/kerberos -s >> /var/log/kerberos.log &
/usr/libexec/kpropd -i &
fi
# KerberosV master KDC
if [ X${krb5_master_kdc} = X"YES" ]; then
echo 'KerberosV master KDC'
/usr/libexec/kdc &
/usr/libexec/kadmind &
/usr/libexec/kpasswdd &
fi
# KerberosV slave KDC
if [ X${krb5_slave_kdc} = X"YES" ]; then
echo 'KerberosV slave KDC'
/usr/libexec/kdc &
# Remember to enable hpropd in inetd.conf
fi
[ -f /etc/rc.local ] && . /etc/rc.local
echo -n standard daemons:
# $apmd_flags is imported from /etc/rc.conf;
# don't run daemon if $apmd_flags == NO or /usr/sbin/apmd doesn't exist
if [ "X${apmd_flags}" != X"NO" -a -x /usr/sbin/apmd ]; then
echo -n ' apmd'; /usr/sbin/apmd ${apmd_flags}
fi
if [ -x /usr/sbin/screenblank ]; then
echo -n ' screenblank'; /usr/sbin/screenblank
fi
echo -n ' cron'; cron
echo '.'
date
if [ "X${wsmoused_flags}" != X"NO" -a -x /usr/sbin/wsmoused ]; then
echo 'starting wsmoused...'; /usr/sbin/wsmoused
${wsmoused_flags}
fi
# Alternatively, on some architectures, xdm may be started in /etc/ttys.
if [ "X${xdm_flags}" != X"NO" ]; then
echo 'starting xdm...'; /usr/X11R6/bin/xdm ${xdm_flags}
fi
exit 0
Since every example I could find on the archives used a swap device,
I wonder, is it necessary? How could I circunvent it?
[]'s,
RCT.
P.S.: if you need a dmesg, I can send you, no problem, though I think
maybe it's not necessary.
--
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
People should focus on the SOLUTION, not on the problem.
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